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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# TIFF file handling
#
# TIFF is a flexible, if somewhat aged, image file format originally
# defined by Aldus. Although TIFF supports a wide variety of pixel
# layouts and compression methods, the name doesn't really stand for
# "thousands of incompatible file formats," it just feels that way.
#
# To read TIFF data from a stream, the stream must be seekable. For
# progressive decoding, make sure to use TIFF files where the tag
# directory is placed first in the file.
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1996-05-04 fl Handle JPEGTABLES tag
# 1996-05-18 fl Fixed COLORMAP support
# 1997-01-05 fl Fixed PREDICTOR support
# 1997-08-27 fl Added support for rational tags (from Perry Stoll)
# 1998-01-10 fl Fixed seek/tell (from Jan Blom)
# 1998-07-15 fl Use private names for internal variables
# 1999-06-13 fl Rewritten for PIL 1.0 (1.0)
# 2000-10-11 fl Additional fixes for Python 2.0 (1.1)
# 2001-04-17 fl Fixed rewind support (seek to frame 0) (1.2)
# 2001-05-12 fl Added write support for more tags (from Greg Couch) (1.3)
# 2001-12-18 fl Added workaround for broken Matrox library
# 2002-01-18 fl Don't mess up if photometric tag is missing (D. Alan Stewart)
# 2003-05-19 fl Check FILLORDER tag
# 2003-09-26 fl Added RGBa support
# 2004-02-24 fl Added DPI support; fixed rational write support
# 2005-02-07 fl Added workaround for broken Corel Draw 10 files
# 2006-01-09 fl Added support for float/double tags (from Russell Nelson)
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2006 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 1995-1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import division, print_function
from PIL import Image, ImageFile
from PIL import ImagePalette
from PIL import _binary
import collections
from fractions import Fraction
import io
import itertools
from numbers import Number
import os
import struct
import sys
import warnings
from .TiffTags import TAGS_V2, TYPES, TagInfo
__version__ = "1.3.5"
DEBUG = False # Needs to be merged with the new logging approach.
# Set these to true to force use of libtiff for reading or writing.
READ_LIBTIFF = False
WRITE_LIBTIFF = False
IFD_LEGACY_API = True
II = b"II" # little-endian (Intel style)
MM = b"MM" # big-endian (Motorola style)
i8 = _binary.i8
o8 = _binary.o8
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read TIFF files
# a few tag names, just to make the code below a bit more readable
IMAGEWIDTH = 256
IMAGELENGTH = 257
BITSPERSAMPLE = 258
COMPRESSION = 259
PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION = 262
FILLORDER = 266
IMAGEDESCRIPTION = 270
STRIPOFFSETS = 273
SAMPLESPERPIXEL = 277
ROWSPERSTRIP = 278
STRIPBYTECOUNTS = 279
X_RESOLUTION = 282
Y_RESOLUTION = 283
PLANAR_CONFIGURATION = 284
RESOLUTION_UNIT = 296
SOFTWARE = 305
DATE_TIME = 306
ARTIST = 315
PREDICTOR = 317
COLORMAP = 320
TILEOFFSETS = 324
EXTRASAMPLES = 338
SAMPLEFORMAT = 339
JPEGTABLES = 347
COPYRIGHT = 33432
IPTC_NAA_CHUNK = 33723 # newsphoto properties
PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK = 34377 # photoshop properties
ICCPROFILE = 34675
EXIFIFD = 34665
XMP = 700
# https://github.com/imagej/ImageJA/blob/master/src/main/java/ij/io/TiffDecoder.java
IMAGEJ_META_DATA_BYTE_COUNTS = 50838
IMAGEJ_META_DATA = 50839
COMPRESSION_INFO = {
# Compression => pil compression name
1: "raw",
2: "tiff_ccitt",
3: "group3",
4: "group4",
5: "tiff_lzw",
6: "tiff_jpeg", # obsolete
7: "jpeg",
8: "tiff_adobe_deflate",
32771: "tiff_raw_16", # 16-bit padding
32773: "packbits",
32809: "tiff_thunderscan",
32946: "tiff_deflate",
34676: "tiff_sgilog",
34677: "tiff_sgilog24",
}
COMPRESSION_INFO_REV = dict([(v, k) for (k, v) in COMPRESSION_INFO.items()])
OPEN_INFO = {
# (ByteOrder, PhotoInterpretation, SampleFormat, FillOrder, BitsPerSample,
# ExtraSamples) => mode, rawmode
(II, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
(MM, 0, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;I"),
(II, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
(MM, 0, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;IR"),
(II, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
(MM, 0, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;I"),
(II, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
(MM, 0, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;IR"),
(II, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
(MM, 0, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("1", "1"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("L", "L;4"),
# ?
(II, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("1", "1;R"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("L", "L"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("LA", "LA"),
(II, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("L", "L;R"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (12,), ()): ("I;16", "I;12"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16", "I;16"),
(MM, 1, (1,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16B", "I;16B"),
(II, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16S", "I;16S"),
(MM, 1, (2,), 1, (16,), ()): ("I;16BS", "I;16BS"),
(II, 1, (1,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32N"),
(II, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I", "I;32S"),
(MM, 1, (2,), 1, (32,), ()): ("I;32BS", "I;32BS"),
(II, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32F"),
(MM, 1, (3,), 1, (32,), ()): ("F", "F;32BF"),
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB"),
(II, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
(MM, 2, (1,), 2, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGB", "RGB;R"),
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # missing ExtraSamples
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # missing ExtraSamples
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (0,)): ("RGBX", "RGBX"),
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBa"),
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (2,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
(II, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # Corel Draw 10
(MM, 2, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (999,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # Corel Draw 10
(II, 2, (1, 1, 1, 1), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # OSX Grab
(MM, 2, (1, 1, 1, 1), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), (1,)): ("RGBA", "RGBA"), # OSX Grab
(II, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 1, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1"),
(II, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 2, (1,), ()): ("P", "P;1R"),
(II, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 1, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2"),
(II, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 2, (2,), ()): ("P", "P;2R"),
(II, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 1, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4"),
(II, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 2, (4,), ()): ("P", "P;4R"),
(II, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8,), ()): ("P", "P"),
(II, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 1, (8, 8), (2,)): ("PA", "PA"),
(II, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
(MM, 3, (1,), 2, (8,), ()): ("P", "P;R"),
(II, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
(MM, 5, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), ()): ("CMYK", "CMYK"),
(II, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("YCbCr", "YCbCr"),
(MM, 6, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("YCbCr", "YCbCr"),
(II, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
(MM, 8, (1,), 1, (8, 8, 8), ()): ("LAB", "LAB"),
}
PREFIXES = [b"MM\000\052", b"II\052\000", b"II\xBC\000"]
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES
def _limit_rational(val, max_val):
inv = abs(val) > 1
f = Fraction.from_float(1 / val if inv else val).limit_denominator(max_val)
n_d = (f.numerator, f.denominator)
return n_d[::-1] if inv else n_d
##
# Wrapper for TIFF IFDs.
_load_dispatch = {}
_write_dispatch = {}
class ImageFileDirectory_v2(collections.MutableMapping):
"""This class represents a TIFF tag directory. To speed things up, we
don't decode tags unless they're asked for.
Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::
ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2()
ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
ifd.tagtype[key] = 2
print(ifd[key])
'Some Data'
Individual values are returned as the strings or numbers, sequences are
returned as tuples of the values.
The tiff metadata type of each item is stored in a dictionary of
tag types in
`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype`. The types
are read from a tiff file, guessed from the type added, or added
manually.
Data Structures:
* self.tagtype = {}
* Key: numerical tiff tag number
* Value: integer corresponding to the data type from `~PIL.TiffTags.TYPES`
.. versionadded:: 3.0.0
"""
"""
Documentation:
'internal' data structures:
* self._tags_v2 = {} Key: numerical tiff tag number
Value: decoded data, as tuple for multiple values
* self._tagdata = {} Key: numerical tiff tag number
Value: undecoded byte string from file
* self._tags_v1 = {} Key: numerical tiff tag number
Value: decoded data in the v1 format
Tags will be found in the private attributes self._tagdata, and in
self._tags_v2 once decoded.
Self.legacy_api is a value for internal use, and shouldn't be
changed from outside code. In cooperation with the
ImageFileDirectory_v1 class, if legacy_api is true, then decoded
tags will be populated into both _tags_v1 and _tags_v2. _Tags_v2
will be used if this IFD is used in the TIFF save routine. Tags
should be read from tags_v1 if legacy_api == true.
"""
def __init__(self, ifh=b"II\052\0\0\0\0\0", prefix=None):
"""Initialize an ImageFileDirectory.
To construct an ImageFileDirectory from a real file, pass the 8-byte
magic header to the constructor. To only set the endianness, pass it
as the 'prefix' keyword argument.
:param ifh: One of the accepted magic headers (cf. PREFIXES); also sets
endianness.
:param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.
"""
if ifh[:4] not in PREFIXES:
raise SyntaxError("not a TIFF file (header %r not valid)" % ifh)
self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]
if self._prefix == MM:
self._endian = ">"
elif self._prefix == II:
self._endian = "<"
else:
raise SyntaxError("not a TIFF IFD")
self.reset()
self.next, = self._unpack("L", ifh[4:])
self._legacy_api = False
prefix = property(lambda self: self._prefix)
offset = property(lambda self: self._offset)
legacy_api = property(lambda self: self._legacy_api)
@legacy_api.setter
def legacy_api(self, value):
raise Exception("Not allowing setting of legacy api")
def reset(self):
self._tags_v1 = {} # will remain empty if legacy_api is false
self._tags_v2 = {} # main tag storage
self._tagdata = {}
self.tagtype = {} # added 2008-06-05 by Florian Hoech
self._next = None
self._offset = None
def __str__(self):
return str(dict(self))
def as_dict(self):
"""Return a dictionary of the image's tags.
use `dict(ifd)` instead.
.. deprecated:: 3.0.0
"""
# FIXME Deprecate: use dict(self)
return dict(self)
def named(self):
"""
:returns: dict of name|key: value
Returns the complete tag dictionary, with named tags where possible.
"""
return dict((TAGS_V2.get(code, TagInfo()).name, value)
for code, value in self.items())
def __len__(self):
return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))
def __getitem__(self, tag):
if tag not in self._tags_v2: # unpack on the fly
data = self._tagdata[tag]
typ = self.tagtype[tag]
size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
self[tag] = handler(self, data, self.legacy_api) # check type
val = self._tags_v2[tag]
if self.legacy_api and not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
val = val,
return val
def __contains__(self, tag):
return tag in self._tags_v2 or tag in self._tagdata
if bytes is str:
def has_key(self, tag):
return tag in self
def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
self._setitem(tag, value, self.legacy_api)
def _setitem(self, tag, value, legacy_api):
basetypes = (Number, bytes, str)
if bytes is str:
basetypes += unicode,
info = TAGS_V2.get(tag, TagInfo())
values = [value] if isinstance(value, basetypes) else value
if tag not in self.tagtype:
try:
self.tagtype[tag] = info.type
except KeyError:
self.tagtype[tag] = 7
if all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):
if all(v < 2 ** 16 for v in values):
self.tagtype[tag] = 3
else:
self.tagtype[tag] = 4
elif all(isinstance(v, float) for v in values):
self.tagtype[tag] = 12
else:
if bytes is str:
# Never treat data as binary by default on Python 2.
self.tagtype[tag] = 2
else:
if all(isinstance(v, str) for v in values):
self.tagtype[tag] = 2
if self.tagtype[tag] == 7 and bytes is not str:
values = [value.encode("ascii", 'replace') if isinstance(value, str) else value
for value in values]
values = tuple(info.cvt_enum(value) for value in values)
dest = self._tags_v1 if legacy_api else self._tags_v2
if info.length == 1:
if legacy_api and self.tagtype[tag] in [5, 10]:
values = values,
dest[tag], = values
else:
dest[tag] = values
def __delitem__(self, tag):
self._tags_v2.pop(tag, None)
self._tags_v1.pop(tag, None)
self._tagdata.pop(tag, None)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v2))
def _unpack(self, fmt, data):
return struct.unpack(self._endian + fmt, data)
def _pack(self, fmt, *values):
return struct.pack(self._endian + fmt, *values)
def _register_loader(idx, size):
def decorator(func):
from PIL.TiffTags import TYPES
if func.__name__.startswith("load_"):
TYPES[idx] = func.__name__[5:].replace("_", " ")
_load_dispatch[idx] = size, func
return func
return decorator
def _register_writer(idx):
def decorator(func):
_write_dispatch[idx] = func
return func
return decorator
def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):
from PIL.TiffTags import TYPES
idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name
TYPES[idx] = name
size = struct.calcsize("=" + fmt)
_load_dispatch[idx] = size, lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (
self._unpack("{0}{1}".format(len(data) // size, fmt), data))
_write_dispatch[idx] = lambda self, *values: (
b"".join(self._pack(fmt, value) for value in values))
list(map(_register_basic,
[(3, "H", "short"), (4, "L", "long"),
(6, "b", "signed byte"), (8, "h", "signed short"),
(9, "l", "signed long"), (11, "f", "float"), (12, "d", "double")]))
@_register_loader(1, 1) # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
def load_byte(self, data, legacy_api=True):
return (data if legacy_api else
tuple(map(ord, data) if bytes is str else data))
@_register_writer(1) # Basic type, except for the legacy API.
def write_byte(self, data):
return data
@_register_loader(2, 1)
def load_string(self, data, legacy_api=True):
if data.endswith(b"\0"):
data = data[:-1]
return data.decode("latin-1", "replace")
@_register_writer(2)
def write_string(self, value):
# remerge of https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/1416
if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
value = value.decode('ascii', 'replace')
return b"" + value.encode('ascii', 'replace') + b"\0"
@_register_loader(5, 8)
def load_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
vals = self._unpack("{0}L".format(len(data) // 4), data)
combine = lambda a, b: (a, b) if legacy_api else a / b
return tuple(combine(num, denom)
for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))
@_register_writer(5)
def write_rational(self, *values):
return b"".join(self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2 ** 31))
for frac in values)
@_register_loader(7, 1)
def load_undefined(self, data, legacy_api=True):
return data
@_register_writer(7)
def write_undefined(self, value):
return value
@_register_loader(10, 8)
def load_signed_rational(self, data, legacy_api=True):
vals = self._unpack("{0}l".format(len(data) // 4), data)
combine = lambda a, b: (a, b) if legacy_api else a / b
return tuple(combine(num, denom)
for num, denom in zip(vals[::2], vals[1::2]))
@_register_writer(10)
def write_signed_rational(self, *values):
return b"".join(self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2 ** 30))
for frac in values)
def _ensure_read(self, fp, size):
ret = fp.read(size)
if len(ret) != size:
raise IOError("Corrupt EXIF data. " +
"Expecting to read %d bytes but only got %d. " %
(size, len(ret)))
return ret
def load(self, fp):
self.reset()
self._offset = fp.tell()
try:
for i in range(self._unpack("H", self._ensure_read(fp, 2))[0]):
tag, typ, count, data = self._unpack("HHL4s", self._ensure_read(fp, 12))
if DEBUG:
tagname = TAGS_V2.get(tag, TagInfo()).name
typname = TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
print("tag: %s (%d) - type: %s (%d)" %
(tagname, tag, typname, typ), end=" ")
try:
unit_size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
except KeyError:
if DEBUG:
print("- unsupported type", typ)
continue # ignore unsupported type
size = count * unit_size
if size > 4:
here = fp.tell()
offset, = self._unpack("L", data)
if DEBUG:
print("Tag Location: %s - Data Location: %s" %
(here, offset), end=" ")
fp.seek(offset)
data = ImageFile._safe_read(fp, size)
fp.seek(here)
else:
data = data[:size]
if len(data) != size:
warnings.warn("Possibly corrupt EXIF data. "
"Expecting to read %d bytes but only got %d. "
"Skipping tag %s" % (size, len(data), tag))
continue
self._tagdata[tag] = data
self.tagtype[tag] = typ
if DEBUG:
if size > 32:
print("- value: <table: %d bytes>" % size)
else:
print("- value:", self[tag])
self.next, = self._unpack("L", self._ensure_read(fp, 4))
except IOError as msg:
warnings.warn(str(msg))
return
def save(self, fp):
if fp.tell() == 0: # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages
# tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8
fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack("HL", 42, 8))
# FIXME What about tagdata?
fp.write(self._pack("H", len(self._tags_v2)))
entries = []
offset = fp.tell() + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4
stripoffsets = None
# pass 1: convert tags to binary format
# always write tags in ascending order
for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):
if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:
stripoffsets = len(entries)
typ = self.tagtype.get(tag)
if DEBUG:
print("Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s" % (tag, typ, value))
values = value if isinstance(value, tuple) else (value,)
data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)
if DEBUG:
tagname = TAGS_V2.get(tag, TagInfo()).name
typname = TYPES.get(typ, "unknown")
print("save: %s (%d) - type: %s (%d)" %
(tagname, tag, typname, typ), end=" ")
if len(data) >= 16:
print("- value: <table: %d bytes>" % len(data))
else:
print("- value:", values)
# count is sum of lengths for string and arbitrary data
count = len(data) if typ in [2, 7] else len(values)
# figure out if data fits into the entry
if len(data) <= 4:
entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b"\0"), b""))
else:
entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack("L", offset), data))
offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2 # pad to word
# update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data
if stripoffsets is not None:
tag, typ, count, value, data = entries[stripoffsets]
if data:
raise NotImplementedError(
"multistrip support not yet implemented")
value = self._pack("L", self._unpack("L", value)[0] + offset)
entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data
# pass 2: write entries to file
for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
if DEBUG > 1:
print(tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))
fp.write(self._pack("HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value))
# -- overwrite here for multi-page --
fp.write(b"\0\0\0\0") # end of entries
# pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
fp.write(data)
if len(data) & 1:
fp.write(b"\0")
return offset
ImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch
ImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch
for idx, name in TYPES.items():
name = name.replace(" ", "_")
setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "load_" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])
setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "write_" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])
del _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name
# Legacy ImageFileDirectory support.
class ImageFileDirectory_v1(ImageFileDirectory_v2):
"""This class represents the **legacy** interface to a TIFF tag directory.
Exposes a dictionary interface of the tags in the directory::
ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1()
ifd[key] = 'Some Data'
ifd.tagtype[key] = 2
print ifd[key]
('Some Data',)
Also contains a dictionary of tag types as read from the tiff image file,
`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1.tagtype`.
Values are returned as a tuple.
.. deprecated:: 3.0.0
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
ImageFileDirectory_v2.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self._legacy_api = True
tags = property(lambda self: self._tags_v1)
tagdata = property(lambda self: self._tagdata)
@classmethod
def from_v2(cls, original):
""" Returns an
:py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
instance with the same data as is contained in the original
:py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
instance.
:returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
"""
ifd = cls(prefix=original.prefix)
ifd._tagdata = original._tagdata
ifd.tagtype = original.tagtype
ifd.next = original.next # an indicator for multipage tiffs
return ifd
def to_v2(self):
""" Returns an
:py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
instance with the same data as is contained in the original
:py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v1`
instance.
:returns: :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2`
"""
ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=self.prefix)
ifd._tagdata = dict(self._tagdata)
ifd.tagtype = dict(self.tagtype)
ifd._tags_v2 = dict(self._tags_v2)
return ifd
def __contains__(self, tag):
return tag in self._tags_v1 or tag in self._tagdata
def __len__(self):
return len(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))
def __iter__(self):
return iter(set(self._tagdata) | set(self._tags_v1))
def __setitem__(self, tag, value):
for legacy_api in (False, True):
self._setitem(tag, value, legacy_api)
def __getitem__(self, tag):
if tag not in self._tags_v1: # unpack on the fly
data = self._tagdata[tag]
typ = self.tagtype[tag]
size, handler = self._load_dispatch[typ]
for legacy in (False, True):
self._setitem(tag, handler(self, data, legacy), legacy)
val = self._tags_v1[tag]
if not isinstance(val, (tuple, bytes)):
val = val,
return val
# undone -- switch this pointer when IFD_LEGACY_API == False
ImageFileDirectory = ImageFileDirectory_v1
##
# Image plugin for TIFF files.
class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "TIFF"
format_description = "Adobe TIFF"
def _open(self):
"Open the first image in a TIFF file"
# Header
ifh = self.fp.read(8)
# image file directory (tag dictionary)
self.tag_v2 = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh)
# legacy tag/ifd entries will be filled in later
self.tag = self.ifd = None
# setup frame pointers
self.__first = self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
self.__frame = -1
self.__fp = self.fp
self._frame_pos = []
self._n_frames = None
self._is_animated = None
if DEBUG:
print("*** TiffImageFile._open ***")
print("- __first:", self.__first)
print("- ifh: ", ifh)
# and load the first frame
self._seek(0)
@property
def n_frames(self):
if self._n_frames is None:
current = self.tell()
try:
while True:
self._seek(self.tell() + 1)
except EOFError:
self._n_frames = self.tell() + 1
self.seek(current)
return self._n_frames
@property
def is_animated(self):
if self._is_animated is None:
current = self.tell()
try:
self.seek(1)
self._is_animated = True
except EOFError:
self._is_animated = False
self.seek(current)
return self._is_animated
def seek(self, frame):
"Select a given frame as current image"
self._seek(max(frame, 0)) # Questionable backwards compatibility.
# Create a new core image object on second and
# subsequent frames in the image. Image may be
# different size/mode.
Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
def _seek(self, frame):
self.fp = self.__fp
while len(self._frame_pos) <= frame:
if not self.__next:
raise EOFError("no more images in TIFF file")
if DEBUG:
print("Seeking to frame %s, on frame %s, "
"__next %s, location: %s" %
(frame, self.__frame, self.__next, self.fp.tell()))
# reset python3 buffered io handle in case fp
# was passed to libtiff, invalidating the buffer
self.fp.tell()
self.fp.seek(self.__next)
self._frame_pos.append(self.__next)
if DEBUG:
print("Loading tags, location: %s" % self.fp.tell())
self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
self.__next = self.tag_v2.next
self.__frame += 1
self.fp.seek(self._frame_pos[frame])
self.tag_v2.load(self.fp)
# fill the legacy tag/ifd entries
self.tag = self.ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v1.from_v2(self.tag_v2)
self.__frame = frame
self._setup()
def tell(self):
"Return the current frame number"
return self.__frame
def _decoder(self, rawmode, layer, tile=None):
"Setup decoder contexts"
args = None
if rawmode == "RGB" and self._planar_configuration == 2:
rawmode = rawmode[layer]
compression = self._compression
if compression == "raw":
args = (rawmode, 0, 1)
elif compression == "jpeg":
args = rawmode, ""
if JPEGTABLES in self.tag_v2:
# Hack to handle abbreviated JPEG headers
# FIXME This will fail with more than one value
self.tile_prefix, = self.tag_v2[JPEGTABLES]
elif compression == "packbits":
args = rawmode
elif compression == "tiff_lzw":
args = rawmode
if PREDICTOR in self.tag_v2:
# Section 14: Differencing Predictor
self.decoderconfig = (self.tag_v2[PREDICTOR],)
if ICCPROFILE in self.tag_v2:
self.info['icc_profile'] = self.tag_v2[ICCPROFILE]
return args
def _load_libtiff(self):
""" Overload method triggered when we detect a compressed tiff
Calls out to libtiff """
pixel = Image.Image.load(self)
if self.tile is None:
raise IOError("cannot load this image")
if not self.tile:
return pixel
self.load_prepare()
if not len(self.tile) == 1:
raise IOError("Not exactly one tile")
# (self._compression, (extents tuple),
# 0, (rawmode, self._compression, fp))
extents = self.tile[0][1]
args = self.tile[0][3] + (self.tag_v2.offset,)
decoder = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, 'libtiff', args,
self.decoderconfig)
try:
decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
except ValueError:
raise IOError("Couldn't set the image")
if hasattr(self.fp, "getvalue"):
# We've got a stringio like thing passed in. Yay for all in memory.
# The decoder needs the entire file in one shot, so there's not
# a lot we can do here other than give it the entire file.
# unless we could do something like get the address of the
# underlying string for stringio.
#
# Rearranging for supporting byteio items, since they have a fileno
# that returns an IOError if there's no underlying fp. Easier to
# deal with here by reordering.
if DEBUG:
print("have getvalue. just sending in a string from getvalue")
n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.getvalue())
elif hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"):
# we've got a actual file on disk, pass in the fp.
if DEBUG:
print("have fileno, calling fileno version of the decoder.")
self.fp.seek(0)
# 4 bytes, otherwise the trace might error out
n, err = decoder.decode(b"fpfp")
else:
# we have something else.
if DEBUG:
print("don't have fileno or getvalue. just reading")
# UNDONE -- so much for that buffer size thing.
n, err = decoder.decode(self.fp.read())
self.tile = []
self.readonly = 0
# libtiff closed the fp in a, we need to close self.fp, if possible
if hasattr(self.fp, 'close'):
if not self.__next:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = None # might be shared
if err < 0:
raise IOError(err)
self.load_end()
return Image.Image.load(self)
def _setup(self):
"Setup this image object based on current tags"
if 0xBC01 in self.tag_v2:
raise IOError("Windows Media Photo files not yet supported")
# extract relevant tags
self._compression = COMPRESSION_INFO[self.tag_v2.get(COMPRESSION, 1)]
self._planar_configuration = self.tag_v2.get(PLANAR_CONFIGURATION, 1)
# photometric is a required tag, but not everyone is reading
# the specification
photo = self.tag_v2.get(PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION, 0)
fillorder = self.tag_v2.get(FILLORDER, 1)
if DEBUG:
print("*** Summary ***")
print("- compression:", self._compression)
print("- photometric_interpretation:", photo)
print("- planar_configuration:", self._planar_configuration)
print("- fill_order:", fillorder)
# size
xsize = self.tag_v2.get(IMAGEWIDTH)
ysize = self.tag_v2.get(IMAGELENGTH)
self.size = xsize, ysize
if DEBUG:
print("- size:", self.size)
format = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLEFORMAT, (1,))
# mode: check photometric interpretation and bits per pixel
key = (
self.tag_v2.prefix, photo, format, fillorder,
self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,)),
self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())
)
if DEBUG:
print("format key:", key)
try:
self.mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
except KeyError:
if DEBUG:
print("- unsupported format")
raise SyntaxError("unknown pixel mode")
if DEBUG:
print("- raw mode:", rawmode)
print("- pil mode:", self.mode)
self.info["compression"] = self._compression
xres = self.tag_v2.get(X_RESOLUTION, (1, 1))
yres = self.tag_v2.get(Y_RESOLUTION, (1, 1))
if xres and not isinstance(xres, tuple):
xres = (xres, 1.)
if yres and not isinstance(yres, tuple):
yres = (yres, 1.)
if xres and yres:
xres = xres[0] / (xres[1] or 1)
yres = yres[0] / (yres[1] or 1)
resunit = self.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT, 1)
if resunit == 2: # dots per inch
self.info["dpi"] = xres, yres
elif resunit == 3: # dots per centimeter. convert to dpi
self.info["dpi"] = xres * 2.54, yres * 2.54
else: # No absolute unit of measurement
self.info["resolution"] = xres, yres
# build tile descriptors
x = y = l = 0
self.tile = []
if STRIPOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
# striped image
offsets = self.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]
h = self.tag_v2.get(ROWSPERSTRIP, ysize)
w = self.size[0]
if READ_LIBTIFF or self._compression in ["tiff_ccitt", "group3",
"group4", "tiff_jpeg",
"tiff_adobe_deflate",
"tiff_thunderscan",
"tiff_deflate",
"tiff_sgilog",
"tiff_sgilog24",
"tiff_raw_16"]:
# if DEBUG:
# print "Activating g4 compression for whole file"
# Decoder expects entire file as one tile.
# There's a buffer size limit in load (64k)
# so large g4 images will fail if we use that
# function.
#
# Setup the one tile for the whole image, then
# replace the existing load function with our
# _load_libtiff function.
self.load = self._load_libtiff
# To be nice on memory footprint, if there's a
# file descriptor, use that instead of reading
# into a string in python.
# libtiff closes the file descriptor, so pass in a dup.
try:
fp = hasattr(self.fp, "fileno") and \
os.dup(self.fp.fileno())
# flush the file descriptor, prevents error on pypy 2.4+
# should also eliminate the need for fp.tell for py3
# in _seek
if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
self.fp.flush()
except IOError:
# io.BytesIO have a fileno, but returns an IOError if
# it doesn't use a file descriptor.
fp = False
# libtiff handles the fillmode for us, so 1;IR should
# actually be 1;I. Including the R double reverses the
# bits, so stripes of the image are reversed. See
# https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/279
if fillorder == 2:
key = (
self.tag_v2.prefix, photo, format, 1,
self.tag_v2.get(BITSPERSAMPLE, (1,)),
self.tag_v2.get(EXTRASAMPLES, ())
)
if DEBUG:
print("format key:", key)
# this should always work, since all the
# fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
# fillorder=1 mode
self.mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
# libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
# we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
# contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
# byte order.
if self.mode in ('I;16B', 'I;16') and 'I;16' in rawmode:
rawmode = 'I;16N'
# Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
# w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
a = (rawmode, self._compression, fp)
self.tile.append(
(self._compression,
(0, 0, w, ysize),
0, a))
a = None
else:
for i in range(len(offsets)):
a = self._decoder(rawmode, l, i)
self.tile.append(
(self._compression,
(0, min(y, ysize), w, min(y+h, ysize)),
offsets[i], a))
if DEBUG:
print("tiles: ", self.tile)
y = y + h
if y >= self.size[1]:
x = y = 0
l += 1
a = None
elif TILEOFFSETS in self.tag_v2:
# tiled image
w = self.tag_v2.get(322)
h = self.tag_v2.get(323)
a = None
for o in self.tag_v2[TILEOFFSETS]:
if not a:
a = self._decoder(rawmode, l)
# FIXME: this doesn't work if the image size
# is not a multiple of the tile size...
self.tile.append(
(self._compression,
(x, y, x+w, y+h),
o, a))
x = x + w
if x >= self.size[0]:
x, y = 0, y + h
if y >= self.size[1]:
x = y = 0
l += 1
a = None
else:
if DEBUG:
print("- unsupported data organization")
raise SyntaxError("unknown data organization")
# fixup palette descriptor
if self.mode == "P":
palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]
self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", b"".join(palette))
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write TIFF files
# little endian is default except for image modes with
# explicit big endian byte-order
SAVE_INFO = {
# mode => rawmode, byteorder, photometrics,
# sampleformat, bitspersample, extra
"1": ("1", II, 1, 1, (1,), None),
"L": ("L", II, 1, 1, (8,), None),
"LA": ("LA", II, 1, 1, (8, 8), 2),
"P": ("P", II, 3, 1, (8,), None),
"PA": ("PA", II, 3, 1, (8, 8), 2),
"I": ("I;32S", II, 1, 2, (32,), None),
"I;16": ("I;16", II, 1, 1, (16,), None),
"I;16S": ("I;16S", II, 1, 2, (16,), None),
"F": ("F;32F", II, 1, 3, (32,), None),
"RGB": ("RGB", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
"RGBX": ("RGBX", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 0),
"RGBA": ("RGBA", II, 2, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), 2),
"CMYK": ("CMYK", II, 5, 1, (8, 8, 8, 8), None),
"YCbCr": ("YCbCr", II, 6, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
"LAB": ("LAB", II, 8, 1, (8, 8, 8), None),
"I;32BS": ("I;32BS", MM, 1, 2, (32,), None),
"I;16B": ("I;16B", MM, 1, 1, (16,), None),
"I;16BS": ("I;16BS", MM, 1, 2, (16,), None),
"F;32BF": ("F;32BF", MM, 1, 3, (32,), None),
}
def _save(im, fp, filename):
try:
rawmode, prefix, photo, format, bits, extra = SAVE_INFO[im.mode]
except KeyError:
raise IOError("cannot write mode %s as TIFF" % im.mode)
ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)
compression = im.encoderinfo.get('compression',
im.info.get('compression', 'raw'))
libtiff = WRITE_LIBTIFF or compression != 'raw'
# required for color libtiff images
ifd[PLANAR_CONFIGURATION] = getattr(im, '_planar_configuration', 1)
ifd[IMAGEWIDTH] = im.size[0]
ifd[IMAGELENGTH] = im.size[1]
# write any arbitrary tags passed in as an ImageFileDirectory
info = im.encoderinfo.get("tiffinfo", {})
if DEBUG:
print("Tiffinfo Keys: %s" % list(info))
if isinstance(info, ImageFileDirectory_v1):
info = info.to_v2()
for key in info:
ifd[key] = info.get(key)
try:
ifd.tagtype[key] = info.tagtype[key]
except:
pass # might not be an IFD, Might not have populated type
# additions written by Greg Couch, gregc@cgl.ucsf.edu
# inspired by image-sig posting from Kevin Cazabon, kcazabon@home.com
if hasattr(im, 'tag_v2'):
# preserve tags from original TIFF image file
for key in (RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION,
IPTC_NAA_CHUNK, PHOTOSHOP_CHUNK, XMP):
if key in im.tag_v2:
ifd[key] = im.tag_v2[key]
ifd.tagtype[key] = im.tag_v2.tagtype.get(key, None)
# preserve ICC profile (should also work when saving other formats
# which support profiles as TIFF) -- 2008-06-06 Florian Hoech
if "icc_profile" in im.info:
ifd[ICCPROFILE] = im.info["icc_profile"]
for key, name in [(IMAGEDESCRIPTION, "description"),
(X_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
(Y_RESOLUTION, "resolution"),
(X_RESOLUTION, "x_resolution"),
(Y_RESOLUTION, "y_resolution"),
(RESOLUTION_UNIT, "resolution_unit"),
(SOFTWARE, "software"),
(DATE_TIME, "date_time"),
(ARTIST, "artist"),
(COPYRIGHT, "copyright")]:
name_with_spaces = name.replace("_", " ")
if "_" in name and name_with_spaces in im.encoderinfo:
warnings.warn("%r is deprecated; use %r instead" %
(name_with_spaces, name), DeprecationWarning)
ifd[key] = im.encoderinfo[name.replace("_", " ")]
if name in im.encoderinfo:
ifd[key] = im.encoderinfo[name]
dpi = im.encoderinfo.get("dpi")
if dpi:
ifd[RESOLUTION_UNIT] = 2
ifd[X_RESOLUTION] = dpi[0]
ifd[Y_RESOLUTION] = dpi[1]
if bits != (1,):
ifd[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits
if len(bits) != 1:
ifd[SAMPLESPERPIXEL] = len(bits)
if extra is not None:
ifd[EXTRASAMPLES] = extra
if format != 1:
ifd[SAMPLEFORMAT] = format
ifd[PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION] = photo
if im.mode == "P":
lut = im.im.getpalette("RGB", "RGB;L")
ifd[COLORMAP] = tuple(i8(v) * 256 for v in lut)
# data orientation
stride = len(bits) * ((im.size[0]*bits[0]+7)//8)
ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = im.size[1]
ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = stride * im.size[1]
ifd[STRIPOFFSETS] = 0 # this is adjusted by IFD writer
# no compression by default:
ifd[COMPRESSION] = COMPRESSION_INFO_REV.get(compression, 1)
if libtiff:
if DEBUG:
print("Saving using libtiff encoder")
print("Items: %s" % sorted(ifd.items()))
_fp = 0
if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
try:
fp.seek(0)
_fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())
except io.UnsupportedOperation:
pass
# ICC Profile crashes.
blocklist = [STRIPOFFSETS, STRIPBYTECOUNTS, ROWSPERSTRIP, ICCPROFILE]
atts = {}
# bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
atts[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits[0]
# Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
# the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
# save(load('')) == original file.
legacy_ifd = {}
if hasattr(im, 'tag'):
legacy_ifd = im.tag.to_v2()
for k, v in itertools.chain(ifd.items(),
getattr(im, 'tag_v2', {}).items(),
legacy_ifd.items()):
if k not in atts and k not in blocklist:
if isinstance(v, unicode if bytes is str else str):
atts[k] = v.encode('ascii', 'replace') + b"\0"
else:
atts[k] = v
if DEBUG:
print("Converted items: %s" % sorted(atts.items()))
# libtiff always expects the bytes in native order.
# we're storing image byte order. So, if the rawmode
# contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
# byte order.
if im.mode in ('I;16B', 'I;16'):
rawmode = 'I;16N'
a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, atts)
# print(im.mode, compression, a, im.encoderconfig)
e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, 'libtiff', a, im.encoderconfig)
e.setimage(im.im, (0, 0)+im.size)
while True:
# undone, change to self.decodermaxblock:
l, s, d = e.encode(16*1024)
if not _fp:
fp.write(d)
if s:
break
if s < 0:
raise IOError("encoder error %d when writing image file" % s)
else:
offset = ifd.save(fp)
ImageFile._save(im, fp, [
("raw", (0, 0)+im.size, offset, (rawmode, stride, 1))
])
# -- helper for multi-page save --
if "_debug_multipage" in im.encoderinfo:
# just to access o32 and o16 (using correct byte order)
im._debug_multipage = ifd
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Register
Image.register_open(TiffImageFile.format, TiffImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(TiffImageFile.format, _save)
Image.register_extension(TiffImageFile.format, ".tif")
Image.register_extension(TiffImageFile.format, ".tiff")
Image.register_mime(TiffImageFile.format, "image/tiff")
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